Total participants: 159

Laboratory	Country	Amount
Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition	Germany	16
Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante	Italy	16
GSF - National Research Centre	Germany	12
Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck	Austria	10
Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ	United Kingdom	9
Dept. of Microbiology, SLU	Sweden	9
Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel	Germany	8
Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C	Spain	8
Alterra	The Netherlands	8
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty	Slovenia	7
Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests	Austria	7
IFA-Tulln	Austria	7
Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology	Switzerland	6
Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences	Denmark	6
National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ.	United Kingdom	5
FiBL	Switzerland	5
Rothamsted Research	United Kingdom	3
Inst. of Organic Farming, Univ. of Agricult. Sci.	Austria	2
Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen	Norway	2
Institute of Biotechnology of University of Szeged	Hungary	1
Lab. for Microbial Ecology and Technology	Belgium	1
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana	Slovenia	1
Res. Inst. Soil Sci. & Agric. Chem.	Hungary	1
Molecular Ecology, FAL-Reckenholz	Switzerland	1
ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH	Austria	1
Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Soil Biology	Belgium	1
Dip. Scienza Suolo	Italy	1
INRA - Phytopharmacy and Semiochemicals Unit	France	1
Istituto Studio Difesa Suolo - Biologia del Suolo	Italy	1
CEBAS-CSIC	Spain	1
LIMOS-CNRS FRE 2440	France	1
Laboratory of Ecotoxicology	The Netherlands	1

Country	Amount
Germany	36
Austria	27
Italy	18
United Kingdom	17
Switzerland	12
Spain	9
Sweden	9
The Netherlands	9
Slovenia	8
Denmark	6
Hungary	2
Belgium	2
Norway	2
France	2

Click on the method - to get more details.

Method

Soil Use

Soil type

Soil Texture

Use For

Microbial community structure: Bacteria	21
Microbial activity: Others	18
Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	18
Microbial activity: Basal respiration	16
Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	15
Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	13
Molecular tools: Bacteria	12
Microbial biomass: ATP	10
Microbial biomass: Fungi	6
Molecular tools: Others	5
Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	5
Microbial biomass: Bacteria	4
Field experiments: Others	4
Microbial biomass: Others	3
Microbial community structure: Fungi	3
Field experiments: Litter bag	2
Field experiments: in situ C-Mineralisation	2
Field experiments: in situ N-Mineralisation	2

Agricultural	133
Forest	79
Grassland	73
Urban Industrial	53
Not specified	20

Not specified	77
Cambisol	35
Luvisol	25
Histosol	24
Podzol	22
Gleysol	21
Fluvisol	19
Anthrosol	16
Regosol	11
Arenosol	9
Leptosol	9
Acrisol	9
Umbrisol	8
Andosol	8
Chernozem	7
Ferralsol	7
Phaeozem	2
Vertisol	1
Durisol	1

Loam	119
Sand	96
Clay	77
Silt	59
Others	53

Research	140
Monitoring	74
Routine analysis	43

Country	Laboratory	Soil use	Soil type	Soil texture	Method	Use For	Comments	Reference
Austria	Inst. of Organic Farming, Univ. of Agricult. Sci. Friedel Juergen K. Gregor Mendel Str. 33 A-1180 Vienna Phone:+43 1 47654 3757 Fax:+43 1 47654 3792 friedel@edv1.boku.ac.at	Agricultural	Phaeozem	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research		Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS (1987) An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol.Biochem. 19:703-707
Austria	Inst. of Organic Farming, Univ. of Agricult. Sci. Friedel Juergen K. Gregor Mendel Str. 33 A-1180 Vienna Phone:+43 1 47654 3757 Fax:+43 1 47654 3792 friedel@edv1.boku.ac.at	Agricultural	Phaeozem	Loam	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research		Kandeler E, Schinner F, Öhlinger R, et al (1993) Bestimmung der N-Mineralisation im anaeroben Brutversuch. In: Schinner F, Öhlinger R, Kandeler E et al. (eds).Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden. Springer, Berlin, pp 160-161.
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Heribert Insam Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Phone:++43 512 507 6009 Fax:++43 512 507 2928 heribert.insam@uibk.ac.at	Forest	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research		Heinemeyer O., Insam H., Kaiser E.A. and Walenzik G. (1989) Soil microbial biomass measurements: an automated technique based on infrared analysis. Plant and Soil 116, 191-195.
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Heribert Insam Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Phone:++43 512 507 6009 Fax:++43 512 507 2928 heribert.insam@uibk.ac.at	Forest	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	SIR biomass is used as background information for any soil study. Fast, easy, reliable and no use of toxic chemicals required.	Anderson, J.P.E., Domsch, K.H. (1978) A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 10, 215-221. Heinemeyer O., Insam H., Kaiser E.A. and Walenzik G. (1989) Soil microbial biomass measurements: an automated technique based on infrared analysis. Plant and Soil 116, 191-195.
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Heribert Insam Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Phone:++43 512 507 6009 Fax:++43 512 507 2928 heribert.insam@uibk.ac.at	Forest	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	SIR biomass is used as background information for any soil study. Fast, easy, reliable and no use of toxic chemicals required.	Anderson, J.P.E., Domsch, K.H. (1978) A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 10, 215-221. Heinemeyer O., Insam H., Kaiser E.A. and Walenzik G. (1989) Soil microbial biomass measurements: an automated technique based on infrared analysis. Plant and Soil 116, 191-195.
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Heribert Insam Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Phone:++43 512 507 6009 Fax:++43 512 507 2928 heribert.insam@uibk.ac.at	Forest	Not specified	Others	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	Community level physiological profile is used as a screening test. Follow-up tests are required. The use of EcoPlates is recommended since this reduces the number of replicates required.	Garland, J.L., Mills, A.L., 1991. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 57, 2351-2359. Insam H (1997) A new set of substrates proposed for community characterization in environmental samples. In: Microbial Communities. Functional versus structural approaches (Insam H, Rangger A, eds.) Springer Verlag, pp. 260-261 Insam H, Feurle J, Rangger A (2001) Community level physiological profiles (Biolog substrate use tests) of environmental samples. In: Akkermans ADL, van Elsas JD, DeBruijn FJ (eds): Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual, Kluwer Academic Publishers (in press).
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Paul Illmer Technikerstr. 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:0043/(0)512/507/6005 Fax:0043/(0)512/507/2928 Paul.Illmer@uibk.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research	Why is only the choice of one method possible?	0
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Paul Illmer Technikerstr. 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:0043/(0)512/507/6005 Fax:0043/(0)512/507/2928 Paul.Illmer@uibk.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research	0	0
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Paul Illmer Technikerstr. 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:0043/(0)512/507/6005 Fax:0043/(0)512/507/2928 Paul.Illmer@uibk.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring	0	0
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Paul Illmer Technikerstr. 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:0043/(0)512/507/6005 Fax:0043/(0)512/507/2928 Paul.Illmer@uibk.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	0	0
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Dr. Reinhold Poeder Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:+ 43/512/507/6002 Fax:+ 43/512/507/2938 Reinhold.Poeder@uibk.ac.at	Forest	Not specified	Others	Microbial community structure: Fungi	Monitoring	Monitoring of active ectomycorrhizae ( biomass of rootlets in 100 ml soil (DW), number of species and/or morphotypes per gramm fine roots, mycorrhizal frequency in percent of total root tips, frequency of Cenococcum geophilum,..	R. Pöder 1996. Ectomycorrhizae. In: Methods in Soil Biology (eds. F. Schinner, R. Öhlinger, E. Kandeler, R. Margesin), Springer: 281-294.
Austria	ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH Angela Sessitsch n.a. A-2444 Seibersdorf Phone:+43 50550 3523 Fax:+43 50550 3653 angela.sessitsch@arcs.ac.at	Agricultural, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	We mainly use molecular tools for the analysis of microbial community structures	Sessitsch, A., A. Weilharter, M.H. Gerzabek, H. Kirchmann, and E. Kandeler. 2001. Microbial population structures in soil particle size fractions of a long-term field experiment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:4215-4224.
Austria	Institute of Microbiology, Univ. of Innsbruck Margesin Rosa Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Phone:0 Fax:+437512/507 2929 rosa.margesin@uibk.ac.at	Agricultural, Forest, Urban Industrial	Cambisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Luvisol, Regosol	Clay, Silt, Sand	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Monitoring	We use also these methods:- Microbial activity: N-mineralization- Microbial biomass: substrate-induced respiration- Field experiments: litter bag	Schinner et al. 1996: Methods in Soil Biology, Springer-Verlag
Austria	IFA-Tulln Christina Donat Konrad Lorenz Str. 3430 Tulln Phone:0043227266280551 Fax:0043227266280503 donat@ifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis		Schinner et.al. (1993) Springer Verlag
Austria	IFA-Tulln Christina Donat Konrad Lorenz Str. 3430 Tulln Phone:0043227266280551 Fax:0043227266280503 donat@ifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis		Schinner et.al. (1993) Springer Verlag
Austria	IFA-Tulln Christina Donat Konrad Lorenz Str. 3430 Tulln Phone:0043227266280551 Fax:0043227266280503 donat@ifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis		Miskin, I. P., P. Farrimond und I. M. Head (1999): Identification of novel bacterial lineages as active members of microbial populations in a freshwater sediment using a rapid RNA extraction procedure and RT-PCR. Microbiology. 145. 1977-1987. Society for General Microbiology. Reading. UK. Sessitsch, A. et. al. (2001): Microbial Population Structures in Soil Particle Size Fractions of a Long-Term Fertilizer Fiel Experiment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 61. No. 9. p. 4215-4224. ASM.
Austria	IFA-Tulln Christina Donat Konrad Lorenz Str. 3430 Tulln Phone:0043227266280551 Fax:0043227266280503 donat@ifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring		Frostegard A., E. Baath und A. Tunlid (1993): Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition, Biomass, and Activity of microbial Communities from Two Soil Types Experimentally Exposed to Different Heavy Metalls. Vol. 59, Nr. 11, S. 3605-3617
Austria	IFA-Tulln Johann FRITZ Konrad Lorenz Str. 20 A-3430 Tulln Phone:x43-(0)2272-66280-559 Fax:x43-(0)2272-66280-503 fritz@ifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research	Base test, used together with substrat-induced respiration for main theme: biodegradation	Schinner F., Öhlinger R., Kandeler E. und Margesin R. (1995): Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden; Verlag Springer, Berlin, 2. Auflage, S. 271-276.
Austria	IFA-Tulln Johann FRITZ Konrad Lorenz Str. 20 A-3430 Tulln Phone:x43-(0)2272-66280-559 Fax:x43-(0)2272-66280-503 fritzqifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research	Used together with basal respiration as basis for main theme: biodegradation	Schinner F., Öhlinger R., Kandeler E. und Margesin R. (1995): Bodenbiologische Arbeitsmethoden; Verlag Springer, Berlin, 2. Auflage, S. 271-276.
Austria	IFA-Tulln Johann FRITZ Konrad Lorenz Str. 20 A-3430 Tulln Phone:x43-(0)2272-66280-559 Fax:x43-(0)2272-66280-503 fritzqifa-tulln.ac.at	Agricultural	Not specified	Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	Research	Method in development, designed for determination of biodegradability of polymers in agricultural soil.	Draft EN-Method (WI 249 N39), based on ISO 17556. Not finalized yet.
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250 sophie.zechmeister@fbva.bmlf.gv.at	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research	Applications: Ninhydrin reactive Biomass-N in Litter layer and mineral soil Isotope studies: 15N in microbial biomass	Amato M, Ladd JN (1988) Assay for microbial biomass based on ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen in extracts of fumigated soils. Soil Biol Biochem 20:107-114
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250 sophie.zechmeister@fbva.bmlf.gv.at	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Field experiments: Others	Research	N2O, NOx, CO2, CH4 fluxes by automated closed and open chambers	Beever D, Van Cleemput O, Czerkawski JW, Gibbs M, Johnson K, Leng R, Mosier A, Patrick WH, Rowe J, Smith KA, Wallace J, Wassmann R (1992) Manual on measurement of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, IAEA-TECDOC-674. 91 pp. Holtermann C, Härtel E. (2001) Nitrogen in agriculture as affected by mineral and compost fertilizers. I. A transportable system for the on-line-measurement of NOx (NO, NO2) emissions form soils. Phyton, Special Issue
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250 sophie.zechmeister@fbva.bmlf.gv.at	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Field experiments: in situ N-Mineralisation	Research	Ion exchange resin bags and	Zechmeister-Boltenstern S., Hahn M., Meger S., Jandl R. (2002) N2O emission and nitrate leaching in relation to microbial dynamics in a beech forest soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 116, 823-832.
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research	Incubation of intact soil cores in Kilner jars (see reference), gas chromatographic analysis of CO2	Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. (1996) Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation. In: Schinner F., Öhlinger R., Kandeler E., Margesin R. (Eds.) Methods in Soil Biology. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 122-124.
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250 sophie.zechmeister@fbva.bmlf.gv.at	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research	CO2 determination by gas chromatography	Beck T, Öhlinger R, Baumgarten A. (1996) Substrate induced respiration. In: Schinner F., Öhlinger R., Kandeler E., Margesin R. (Eds.) Methods in Soil Biology. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 64-68.
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250	Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research	Potential nitrogen mineralization	Kandeler (1996) N-Mineralization under waterlogged conditions. In: Schinner F., Öhlinger R., Kandeler E., Margesin R. (Eds.) Methods in Soil Biology. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 125-128.
Austria	Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests Michael Pfeffer Seckendorff-Gudent Weg 8 1131 Vienna Phone:+43-1-87838-1304 Fax:+43-1-87838-1250 michael.pfeffer@fbva.bmlf.gv.at	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Cambisol, Ferralsol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	PLFAs are also used to determine microbial biomass (bacteria, fungi)	Frostegård, Å., Bååth, E., Tunlid, A., 1993. Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed forests as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 25, 723-730. Frostegård, Å., Tunlid, A., Bååth, E., 1996. Changes in microbial community structure during long-term incubation in two soils experimentally contaminated with metals. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 28, 55-63.
Belgium	Lab. for Microbial Ecology and Technology Eva Top Coupure Links 653 B-9000 Gent Phone:32/9/264 5976 Fax:32/9/264 6248 evatop@uidaho.edu	Agricultural	Not specified	Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	We use mainly molecular tools for bacterial community structure analysis.We also perform respiration tests	Boon, N., W. De Windt, W. Verstraete, and E. M. Top. 2001. Evaluation of nested PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) with group-specific 16S rRNA primers for the analysis of bacterial communities from different wastewater treatment plants. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. In press. Dewettinck, T., W. Hulsbosch, K. Van Hege, E.M. Top, and W. Verstraete. 2001. Molecular fingerprinting of bacterial populations in groundwater and bottled mineral water. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57: 412-418 El-Fantroussi, S., W. Verstraete, and E. M. Top. 2001. Enrichment and molecular characterization of a bacterial culture that degrades methoxy-methyl urea herbicides and their aniline derivatives. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5110-51150. Dejonghe, W., J. Goris, S. El Fantroussi, M. Höfte, P. De Vos, W. Verstraete, and E.M. Top. 2000. Effect of dissemination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degradation plasmids on 2,4-D degradation and on bacterial community structure in two different soil horizons. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3297-3304. Smalla, K., E. Krögerrecklenfort, H. Heuer, W. Dejonghe, E. Top, M. Osborn, J. Niewint, C. Tebbe, M. Barr, M. Bailey, A. Greated, C. Thomas, S. Turner, P. Young, D. Nikolakopoulou, A. Karagouni, A. Wolters, J.D. van Elsas, K. Drønen, R. Sandaa, S. Borin, J. Brahbu, E. Grohmann, and P. Sobecky. 2000. PCR-based detection of mobile genetic elements in total community DNA. Microbiology 164: 1256-1257. El Fantroussi, S., L. Verschuere, W. Verstraete, and E.M. Top. 1999. Effect of phenylurea herbicides on soil microbial communities estimated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene fingerprints and community-level physiological profiles. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 982-988.
Belgium	Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Soil Biology Dirk Springael Arenberg 20 Kasteelpark Leuven Phone:32 16 32 16 04 Fax:32 16 32 19 97 dirk.springael@agr.kuleuven.ac.be	Agricultural, Grassland, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	The different research themes in the lab are: Soil Organic Matter dynamics in tropical and temperate climate ( Roel Merckx ) Risks of soils contaminated by metals or radionuclides (Eric Smolders) Phophorus availability in tropical soils and in wetlands ( Roel Merckx ) Denitrification process in soils and the biodegradation (Roel Merckx) Risks of organic contaminants (PAH, oil) in soils ( Dirk Springael ) and corresponding systems to measure basic microbial activities are being performed
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Grassland	Podzol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Others		Biomass-N determined as ninhydrin-reactive N: Adapted from Joergensen and Brookes (1990). Chloroform fumigation time: 7 days (Amato and Ladd,1988). Ninhydrin-reactive N at the time of sampling is used as a background, not parallel incubations of non-fumigated soil (Smith et al., 1995). Nitrogen is extracted in 1 M KCl (results do not deviate from extraction in 2 M KCl).	Amato. M. & Ladd, J.N. (1988) Assay for microbial biomass based on ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen in extracts of fumigated soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 107-114. Joergensen, R.G., and P.C. Brookes. 1990. Ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen measurements of microbial biomass in 0.5 M K2SO4 soil extracts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22:1023-1027. Smith, J.L., J.L. Halvorson, and H. Bolton, Jr. 1995. Determination and use of a corrected control factor in the chloroform fumigation method of estimating soil microbial biomass. Biol. Fertil. Soils 19:287-291.
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Grassland	Podzol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Others	Research	Potential dehydrogenase activity (Elsgaard et al., 2001) Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) is used as electron acceptor (no interference from oxygen) (von Mersi and Schinner, 1991). Yeast extract (0.1%) is added to obtain a potential respicatory activity (Casida, 1977). The buffer used is 0.2 M KH2PO4 (pH 7.5), and INT-F is extracted with ethanol (von Mersi and Schinner, 1991).	Casida, L.E., 1977. Microbial metabolic activity in soil as measured by dehydrogenase determinations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34, 630-636. von Mersi, W. and Schinner, F., 1991. An improved and accurate method for determining the dehydrogenase activity of soils with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Biol. Fertil. Soils 11, 216-220. Elsgaard, L., Petersen, S.O. and Debosz, K. Effect and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in agricultural soil. 1. Short-term effects on soil microbiology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, 1656-1663.
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Grassland	Podzol	Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Fluorescein diacetate activity (Schnürer and Rosswall, 1982) Typically one or two replicates with FDA, and one replicate without FDA (to correct for background absorption) are incubated for ca. 1 h in the dark. Was recently used to monitor effects of sewage sludge and household compost application to arable soil (Debosz et al., in press)	Debosz, K., Petersen, S.O., Kure, L.K. and Ambus, P., 2002. Evaluating effects of sewage sludge and household compost on soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Appl. Soil Ecol. (in press). Schnürer, J. and Rosswall, T., 1982. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of total microbial activity in soil and litter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43, 1256-1261.
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Grassland	Podzol	Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Potential ammonium oxidation (Elsgaard et al., 2001) A soil slurry is made with (NH4)2SO4 in 1 mM K2HPO4 (pH 7.2), and with 1% NaClO3 to inhibit nitrite oxidation. A subsample is withdrawn after 15 min, and again after 5-6 h, and diluted 1:1 with 4 M KCl to interrupt microbial activity. Previously ice was used, but at high concentrations of LAS the slurry is opaque.	Elsgaard, L., Petersen, S.O. and Debosz, K. Effect and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in agricultural soil. 1. Short-term effects on soil microbiology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, 1656-1663.
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Grassland	Podzol	Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	beta-glucosidase activity (Debosz et al., 1999) The substrate is 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside, and soil is incubated in 50 mM TRIS buffer (pH 5.0). Has been used to monitor seasonal dynamics in cropping systems (Debosz et al., 2000), and in dose-response experiments with LAS (Elsgaard et la., 2001).	Debosz, K., Rasmussen PH, Pedersen AR, 1999. Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils: effects of organic matter input. Appl. Soil Ecol. 13, 209-218 Elsgaard, L., Petersen, S.O. and Debosz, K. Effect and risk assessment of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in agricultural soil. 1. Short-term effects on soil microbiology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20, 1656-1663.
Denmark	Danish Inst Agricultural Sciences Søren O. Petersen P.O. Box 50 DK-8830 Tjele Phone:+45 8999 1723 Fax:+45 8999 1619 soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk	Agricultural, Forest	Podzol	Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	Ester-linked polar lipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of microbial communities (Petersen and Klug, 1994): Until recently lipid extraction has employed dichloromethane instead of chloroform for the initial single-phase extraction of lipids (together with methanol and 50 mM K2HPO4, pH 7.4 buffer). In combination with a strong NaBr solution this forced the organic phase to the top, separate from soil particles. Nielsen and Petersen (2000) found that, while qualitatively there was little difference between extraction methods, the highest yields were obtained with CHCl3. Therefore, we now use CHCl3, methanol and fosfate buffer. Has been used to investigate adaptation to temperature (Petersen and Klug, 1994), comparing aggregate size classes (Petersen et al., 1997), compare arable and natural soils (Nielsen and Petersen, 2000), and to investigate seasonal dynamics in tilled and no-till soil (Petersen et al., in press). Has also been used to study microbial dynamics in/around manure hot-spots (Frostegård et al., 1997), and in/around sewage sludge particles (Petersen et al., submitted)	Debosz, K., Petersen, S.O., Kure, L.K. and Ambus, P. (2002) Evaluating effects of sewage sludge and household compost on soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Appl. Soil Ecol. (in press). Frostegård, Å., Petersen, S.O., Bååth, E. and Nielsen, T.H. (1997) Dynamics of a microbial community associated with manure hot-spots as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 2224-2231. Nielsen, P. and Petersen, S.O. (2000) Ester-linked polar lipid fatty acid profiles of soil microbial communities: A comparison of extraction methods and evaluation of interference from humic acids. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32: 1241-1249. Petersen, S.O. and Klug, M.J. (1994) Effects of sieving, storage, and incubation tempera-ture on the phospholipid fatty acid profile of a soil microbial community. Appl. En-viron. Microbiol. 60: 2421-2430. Petersen, S.O., Frohne, P.S. and Kennedy, A.C. (2002) Dynamics of a soil microbial community under spring wheat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. (in press). Petersen, S.O., Debosz, K., Schjønning, P., Christensen, B.T. and Elmholt, S. (1997) Phospholipid fatty acid profiles and C availability in wet-stable macro-aggregates from conventionally and organically farmed soils. Geoderma 78: 181-196. Petersen, S.O., Henriksen, K., Mortensen, G.K., Krogh, P.H., Brandt, K.K., Sørensen, J., Madsen, T., Petersen, J. and Grøn, C. Recycling of sewage sludge and household compost to arable land: Fate and effects of organic contaminants, and impact on soil fertility
France	LIMOS-CNRS FRE 2440 LEYVAL Corinne 17 rue N.D. des Pauvres BP5 54501 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Phone:33 3 83 51 84 63 Fax:33 3 83 57 65 23 leyval@cpb.cnrs-nancy.fr	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified		Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Biotest based on germination of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This test is under the process to be normalized (AFNOR) together with a AM root colonization test (collaboration with INRA Dijon, S. and V. Gianinazzi, and ADEME)	Weissenhorn and Leyval, 1996 Eur J Soil Biol 32:165-172 Leyval C, Singh BR,Joner EJ 1995 Water Air Soil Poll 84:203-216
France	INRA - Phytopharmacy and Semiochemicals Unit MOUGIN Christian route de Saint-Cyr 78026 Versailles Cedex Phone:33-1-30-83-31-02 Fax:33-1-30-83-31-19 mougin@versailles.inra.fr	Agricultural, Urban Industrial		Clay, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research	Research areas : -biotransformation of xenobiotics by fungi and enzymes purified from fungi -effect of pollutants on soil fungi	Mougin C., Pericaud C., Dubroca J., Asther M. 1997. Enhanced mineralization of lindane in soils supplemented with the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:1321-1324. Rama R., Sigoillot J.-C., Chaplain V., Asther M. and Mougin C., 2001. Inoculation of filamentous fungi in manufactured gas plant site soils and PAH transformation. Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 18:397-414.
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Luvisol	Sand, Loam	Field experiments: Litter bag		5 mm mesh size for leaf litter2 mm for grasses and straw	Dilly O., Munch J.-C. (1996) Microbial biomass content, basal respiration and enzyme activities during the course of decomposition of leaf litter in a black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, 1073-1081
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Histosol, Luvisol	Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis		Vance ED, Brookes PC and Jenkinson DS 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 703-707.
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 8804083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Histosol, Luvisol	Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis		Anderson JPE and Domsch K-H 1978. A physiological method for measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 215-221.
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Histosol, Luvisol	Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Static and dynamic method; CO2 production and O2 uptake	Dilly O. (2001) Microbial respiratory quotient during basal metabolism and after glucose amendment in soils and litter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33, 117-127 Earlier also Heinemeyer O, Insam H, Kaiser E-A and Walenzik G 1989 Soil microbial biomass and respiration measurements: An automated technique based on infra-red gas analysis. Plant and Soil 116, 191-195
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Routine analysis		Vance ED, Brookes PC and Jenkinson DS 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 703-707
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Routine analysis		Anderson JPE and Domsch K-H 1978. A physiological method for measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 215-221.
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: ATP	Routine analysis	we use an HPLC method measuring ATP ADP and AMP	Bai QY, Zelles, L., Scheunert, I. and Korte, F. (1989) Determination of adenine nucleotides in soil by ion paired reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Microbiol. Methods 9: 345-351
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Routine analysis	Microcalorimetry	Heilmann, B., Lebuhn, M. Beese, F (1995) Methods for the investigation of metabolic activities and shifts in the microbial community in a soil treated with a fungicide. Biol Fertil Soils 19: 186-192.
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Routine analysis	PLFA and PLEL analysis	Zelles, L. and Bai QY (1993) Fractionation of fatty acids derived from soil lipids by solid phase extraction and their quantitative analysis by GC-MS. Soil Biol. Biochem, 25:495-507
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Fungi	Routine analysis	PLFA analysis	Zelles, L. and Bai QY (1993) Fractionation of fatty acids derived from soil lipids by solid phase extraction and their quantitative analysis by GC-MS. Soil Biol. Biochem, 25:495-507
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Routine analysis	community structure: total DNA extraction - (partial) amplification of 16S rDNA by PCR - fingerprinting, clone liberies community activity: total rRNA extraction - (partial) amplification of rRNA by RT PCR - fingerprinting, clone liberies in situ detection: FISH quantification: total DNA extraction - partial amplification of 16S rDNA by Taqman PCR	Amann, R., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, KH. (1995) Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells. Microbiol Rev. 1995; 59: 143 - 169. Muyzer, G., De Waal, E.C., Uitterlinden, A.G., 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 695-700.
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Routine analysis	BIOLOG CLPP	Insam, H. (1997). A new set of substrates proposed for community characterization in environmental samples. In “Microbial Communities — Functional versus Structural Approaches” (H. Insam and A. Rangger, eds.), 260-261. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Routine analysis	Intraspecies diversity of key species	Schloter, M., Lebuhn, M., Heulin, T. and Hartmann, A. (2000) Ecology and evolution of bacterial microdiversity. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 24: 647 - 660
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Routine analysis	Intraspecies diversity of key species	Schloter, M., Lebuhn, M., Heulin, T. and Hartmann, A. (2000) Ecology and evolution of bacterial microdiversity. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 24: 647 - 660
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landtsr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Others		Molecular detection of key-enzymes for nutrient transformation in soil (a) Diversity of enzyme isotypes based on DNA extraction PCR and fingerprinting (b) transcription rates of genes coding for enzymes based on mRNA isolation RT-PCR and fingerprinting (c)expression of key enzymes based on immunological techniques	Bach , H.J. Hartmann, A., Schloter, M. Munch, JC (2001) PCR primers and functional probes for amplification and detection of bacterial genes for extracellular peptidases in single strans and in soil. J. Microbiol Meth. 44: 173 - 182
Germany	GSF - National Research Centre Michael Schloter Ingolstädter Landtsr. 1 85758 Oberschleissheim Phone:++498931872304 Fax:++498931873376 schloter@gsf.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Others		Biosensors	Stubner, S., Schloter, M., Moeck, G., Coulton, JW and Hartmann, A. 1994. Construction of umu-fhuA operon fusions to detect genotoxic potential by an antibody-cell surface reaction. Environ. Tox and Water Qual. 9:285-291
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Dr. Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Histosol, Luvisol, Podzol	Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	Direct counting	Bölter M. (1995) Distribution of bacterial numbers and biomass in soils and on plants from King George Island (Arctowski Station, Maritime Antarctica). Polar Biol. 15, 115-124
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Cambisol	Sand	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Cambisol	Sand	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Cambisol	Sand	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Cambisol	Sand	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Cambisol	Sand	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Luvisol	Loam	Field experiments: in situ C-Mineralisation	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Chernozem, Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Chernozem, Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Chernozem	Loam	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Chernozem	Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research
Germany	Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition Rainer Georg Joergensen Nordbahnhofstr. 1a 37213 Witzenhausen Phone: Fax: joergeqwiz.uni-kassel.de	Agricultural	Chernozem	Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Chernozem, Fluvisol, Gleysol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research	0	0
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol, Chernozem, Fluvisol, Gleysol	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Routine analysis	Respiratory quotient - Respiration on the basis of CO2 evolution and O2 uptake	Dilly O. (2001) Microbial respiratory quotient during basal metabolism and after glucose amendment in soils and litter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33, 117-127Dilly O. (2002) Regulation of the respiratory quotient of soil microbiota by availability of nutrients. FEMS Microbial Ecology (in press)
Germany	Ökologie-Zentrum, Universität Kiel Oliver Dilly Schauenburgerstrasse 112 24118 Kiel Phone:+49 431 8804085 Fax:+49 431 880 4083 oliver@ecology.uni-kiel.de	Agricultural	Anthrosol, Arenosol, Cambisol	Silt, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research, Routine analysis	DGGE Fingerprint	Muyzer, G., E.C. de Waal, and A. G. Uitterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified gene coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:695-700
Hungary	Res. Inst. Soil Sci. & Agric. Chem. Tibor, Szili Kovács Herman Otto Str. 15. H-1022 Budapest Phone:+36 1 2253860 Fax:+36 1 2253861 szili_k@rissac.hu	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring
Hungary	Institute of Biotechnology of University of Szeged Katalin Perei Temesvari krt. 62./ POBox: 521 6726 Szeged Phone:+36-62-544-853 Fax:+36-62-544-352 perei@nucleus.szbk.u-szeged.hu	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Silt, Loam	Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	Research
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++30 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	Research, Monitoring	Soil respiration Estimation of soil C-mineralisation in closed environment.	Isermayer H. (1952) Estimation of soil respiration in closed jars. In: Alef K. and Nannipieri P. (eds) Met. Appl. Soil Microbiol. Biochem. Academy Press, London, pp. 214-216
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	Research, Monitoring	SIR (Substrate Induced Respiration) Estimation of C-mineralisation after addition of glucose or different organic substrates in closed environment.	Anderson J.P.E. and Domsch K.H. (1978b). A physiological methods for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10: 215-221.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Determination of biomass-C by fumigation-extraction method.	Vance E.D., Brookes P.C., Jenkinson D.S. (1987). An extraction method for measuring microbial biomass C. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19: 703-707.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Determination of ninydrin-reactive N for the measurement of soil microbial biomass.	Joergensen R.G. and Brookes P.C. (1990) Ninydrin-reactive measurements of microbial biomass in 0.5 M K2SO4 soil extracts. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 1023-1027.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research, Monitoring	Estimation of soil microbial biomass by determination of the adenosine triphosphate.	Jenkinson D.S. and Oades J.M. (1979) A method for measuring adenosine triphosphate in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 11, 521-527.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring	Estimation of urease activity in soil.	Tabatabai M.A., Bremner J.M. (1972) Assay of urease activity in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 4: 419.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring	Estimation of dehydrogenase activity in soil.	Casida L.E.J., Klein D.A. & Santoro T., (1964) Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci. 98-371.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Defiinition of soil N mineralisation capacity by determination of different forms of available nitrogen in soil.	Bremner J.M. (1965) Nitrogen availability indexes. In Black C.A. Evans D.D., White J.L., Ensminger L.L., Clark f.E. (Eds.) Met.ods of Soil Analysis. American Society of agronomy, Crop Science Society of america, Madison, 1179-1237.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Annna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring	Determination of potentially mineralisable N in aerobic conditions.	Stanford G, Smith S J (1972) Nitrogen mineralization potentials of soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36, 465-472. Benedetti A., Alianiello F., Dell'Abate M.T. (1994) A modified Stanford and Smith method for the study of the mineralization of nitrogen from organic materials. In: J.J. Neeteson and J. Hassink (eds). Nitrogen Mineralization in Agricultural Soils. AB-DLO Thema’s, AB-DLO, Haren, pp. 127-132
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring	Determination of potentially mineralisable N (NPM) in anaerobic conditions.	Keeney D.R. (1982) Nitrogen availability indexes. p. 711-733. In: A Page et al. (Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part II. 2nd Ed. Agron. Monogr. 9 A.S.A. and S.S.S.A., Madison, WI.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research	Ammonification activity in soil.	Benedetti A., Alianiello F., Dell'Abate M.T. (1994) A modified Stanford and Smith method for the study of the mineralization of nitrogen from organic materials. In: J.J. Neeteson and J. Hassink (eds). Nitrogen Mineralization in Agricultural Soils. AB-DLO Thema’s, AB-DLO, Haren, pp. 127-132
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Agricultural	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research	Nitrification activity in soil.	Benedetti A., Alianiello F., Dell'Abate M.T. (1994) A modified Stanford and Smith method for the study of the mineralization of nitrogen from organic materials. In: J.J. Neeteson and J. Hassink (eds). Nitrogen Mineralization in Agricultural Soils. AB-DLO Thema’s, AB-DLO, Haren, pp. 127-132
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Field experiments: in situ C-Mineralisation	Research, Monitoring	Study of the soil Community-Level Physiological Profiles (CLPPP) by BIOLOG approach.	Garland J.L., Mills A.L. (1991) Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of Community-Level Sole-Carbon-Source Utilization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57: 2351-2359. Garland J.L. (1997) Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 24: 289-300.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research	Estimation of soil bacteria community by fingerprint of amplified 16 S and 16-23 S ribosomial DNA gene sequances and restriction endonuclease analysis.	Val Elsas D., Wolters A. (1995). Polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) analysis of soil microbial DNA. Mol. Microb. Ecol. Manual. 2.7.2, pp. 1-10. Massol-Deya A.A., Odelson D.A., Hickey R.F., Tiedje J.M. (1995). Bacterial community fingerprint of amplified 16S and 16-23S ribosomial DNA gene sequences and restriction endonuclease analysis (ARDRA). Mol. Microb. Ecol. Manual. 3.3.2, pp.1-8.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della Navicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research	Determination of soil microbial biomass by the study of soil respiration after addition of glucose.	Anderson J.P.E. and Domsch K.H. (1978b). A physiological methods for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10: 215-221.
Italy	Istituto Sperim. per la Nutrizione delle Piante Anna Benedetti Via della NAvicella, 2-4 00184 Rome Phone:++39 06 7008721 Fax:++39 06 7005711 nutrazotata@isnp.it	Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	Study of soil microbial community by the community-level physiologiocal profile (CLPP)approach (Biolog.)	Garland J.L., Mills A.L. (1991) Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of Community-Level Sole-Carbon-Source Utilization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57: 2351-2359.Garland J.L. (1997) Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 24: 289-300.
Italy	Dip. Scienza Suolo Nannipieri Paolo P.le delle Cascine 28 50144 50144 Firenze, Italy Phone:39 055 3288382 Fax:39 055 333273 paolo.nannipieri@unifi.it	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest		Clay, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction		We use several methods and the use depends on the scope of the research
Italy	Istituto Studio Difesa Suolo - Biologia del Suolo Nerino MICLAUS Piazza D'Azeglio, 30 50121 Firenze Phone:+39 0552491237/49 Fax:+39 055241485	Agricultural, Forest	Cambisol, Regosol, Vertisol	Clay, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis
Norway	Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen Vigdis Torsvik Jahnebakken 5 / P.O.Box 7800 N-5020 Bergen Phone:+47 55582677 Fax:+47 55589671 vigdis.torsvik@im.uib.no	Agricultural, Forest	Not specified		Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research	Previous we were investigating agricultural and forest soils, at present our main interests are related to tundra soils.	1. Jensen, S., Øvreås, L, Daae, F.L., and Torsvik, V. 1998. Diversity in methane enrichments from agricultural soils revealed by DGGE separation of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 26:17-26 2. Torsvik, V., Daae, F.L., Sandaa, R.-A., Øvreås, L. 1998. Novel techniques for analysing microbial diversity in natural and perturbed environments. J. Biotech. 64:53-62. 3. Øvreås, L., Jensen, S., Daae, F.L., and Torsvik, V. 1998. Microbial community changes in a perturbed agricultural soil investigated by molecular and physiological approaches. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:2739-2742. 4. Drønen, A.K., Torsvik, V., Goksøyr, J., Top, E.M. 1998. Effect of mercury addition on plasmid incidence and gene mobilizing capasity in bulk soil. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 27:381-394. 5. Chatzinotas, A., Sandaa, R.-A., Schönhuber, W., Amann, R., Daae, F.D., Torsvik, V., Zeyer, J., Hahn, D. 1998. Analysis of broad-scale differences in microbial community composition of two pristine forest soils. System. Appl. Microbiol. 21:579-587. 6. Øvreås, L., Torsvik, V. 1998. Microbial diversity and community structure in two different agricultural soil communities. Microbial Ecology 36:303-315. 7. Johnsen, K., Enger, Ø., Jacobsen, C., Thirup, L., Torsvik, V. 1999. Quantitative selective PCR of 16S ribosomal DNA correlates well with selective agar plating in describing population dynamics of indigenous Pseudomonas spp. in soil hot spots. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1786-1789. 8. Drønen, K., Torsvik, V., Top, E.M. 1999. Comparison of plasmid types obtained by two distantly related recipients in biparental exogenous plasmid isolations from soil. FEMS Microbiology Letters 176:105 –110 9. Sandaa, R-A., Torsvik, V., Enger, Ø., Daae, F.L., Castberg, T., Hahn, D. 1999. Analysis of bacterial communities in heavy metal contaminated soils at different levels of resolution. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 30:237 - 251 10. Sandaa, R-A., Enger, Ø., Torsvik, V. 1999. Abundance and diversity of Archaea in heavy-metal contaminated soils. 1999. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:3293 - 3297 11. Nakatsu, C., Torsvik, V. and Øvreås, L. 2000. Soil Community Analysis Using DGGE of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction products. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64:1382-1388. 12. Sandaa, R-A., Torsvik, V. and Enger, Ø. 2001. Influence of long-term heavy-metal contamination on microbial communities in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33:287-295. 13. Johnsen, K., Jacobsen, C.S., Torsvik, V. and Sørensen, J. 2001. Pesticide effects on bacterial diversity in agricultural soils. Biology and Fertillity of Soils. 33:443-453. 14. Thirup, L., Johnsen, K., Torsvik, V., Spliid, N.H. and Jacobsen C.S. 2001. Effects of fenpropimorph on bacteria and fungi during decomposition of barley roots. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 33:1517-1524. 15. Torsvik, V., Øvreås, L. and Thingstad, T.F. 2002. Prokaryotic Diversity - Magnitude, Dynamics and Controlling Factors. Science 296:1064 16. Torsvik, V. and Øvreås L. 2002. Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5:240-245.
Norway	Department of Microbiology, University of Bergen Vigdis Torsvik Jahnebakken 5 / P.O.Box 7800 N-5020 Bergen Phone:+47 55582677 Fax:+47 55589671 vigdis.torsvik@im.uib.no	Not specified			Microbial community structure: Bacteria		At present we work mainly on tundra soil at Svalbard	1. Jensen, S., Øvreås, L, Daae, F.L., and Torsvik, V. 1998. Diversity in methane enrichments from agricultural soils revealed by DGGE separation of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 26:17-26 2. Torsvik, V., Daae, F.L., Sandaa, R.-A., Øvreås, L. 1998. Novel techniques for analysing microbial diversity in natural and perturbed environments. J. Biotech. 64:53-62.3. Øvreås, L., Jensen, S., Daae, F.L., and Torsvik, V. 1998. Microbial community changes in a perturbed agricultural soil investigated by molecular and physiological approaches. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:2739-2742.4. Drønen, A.K., Torsvik, V., Goksøyr, J., Top, E.M. 1998. Effect of mercury addition on plasmid incidence and gene mobilizing capasity in bulk soil. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 27:381-394.5. Chatzinotas, A., Sandaa, R.-A., Schönhuber, W., Amann, R., Daae, F.D., Torsvik, V., Zeyer, J., Hahn, D. 1998. Analysis of broad-scale differences in microbial community composition of two pristine forest soils. System. Appl. Microbiol. 21:579-587.6. Øvreås, L., Torsvik, V. 1998. Microbial diversity and community structure in two different agricultural soil communities. Microbial Ecology 36:303-315.7. Johnsen, K., Enger, Ø., Jacobsen, C., Thirup, L., Torsvik, V. 1999. Quantitative selective PCR of 16S ribosomal DNA correlates well with selective agar plating in describing population dynamics of indigenous Pseudomonas spp. in soil hot spots. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1786-1789.8. Drønen, K., Torsvik, V., Top, E.M. 1999. Comparison of plasmid types obtained by two distantly related recipients in biparental exogenous plasmid isolations from soil. FEMS Microbiology Letters 176:105 –1109. Sandaa, R-A., Torsvik, V., Enger, Ø., Daae, F.L., Castberg, T., Hahn, D. 1999. Analysis of bacterial communities in heavy metal contaminated soils at different levels of resolution. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 30:237 - 251 10. Sandaa, R-A., Enger, Ø., Torsvik, V. 1999. Abundance and diversity of Archaea in heavy-metal contaminated soils. 1999. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:3293 - 3297 11. Nakatsu, C., Torsvik, V. and Øvreås, L. 2000. Soil Community Analysis Using DGGE of 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction products. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64:1382-1388.12. Sandaa, R-A., Torsvik, V. and Enger, Ø. 2001. Influence of long-term heavy-metal contamination on microbial communities in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 33:287-295. 13. Johnsen, K., Jacobsen, C.S., Torsvik, V. and Sørensen, J. 2001. Pesticide effects on bacterial diversity in agricultural soils. Biology and Fertillity of Soils. 33:443-453.14. Thirup, L., Johnsen, K., Torsvik, V., Spliid, N.H. and Jacobsen C.S. 2001. Effects of fenpropimorph on bacteria and fungi during decomposition of barley roots. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 33:1517-1524.15. Torsvik, V., Øvreås, L. and Thingstad, T.F. 2002. Prokaryotic Diversity - Magnitude, Dynamics and Controlling Factors. Science 296:106416. Torsvik, V. and Øvreås L. 2002. Microbial diversity and function in soil: from genes to ecosystems. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5:240-245.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Ivan Mahne Vecna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:+386 1 42 34 000 Fax:+385 1 25 73 390 ivo.mahne@uni-lj.si	Agricultural	Not specified		Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research		Howarth, W.R. & Paul, E.A. (1994). Microbial Biomass. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 – Microbial and biochemical Properties. Soil Sci. Soc. America inc., Madison, Wisconsin.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Alenka Prinèiè Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 33 388 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 Alenkaprincic@cs.com				Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	Nitrifying bacteria: ARDRA, SSUrDNA probe hybridization, DGGE, SSU rDNA sequence analysis, rep-PCR fingerprinting,FAME analysis	Massol-Deya, A.A, Odelson, D.A., Hickey, R.F., Tiedje, J.M. 1995. Bacterial community fingerprinting of amplified 16S and 16-23S ribosomal DNA gene sequences and restriction endonuclease analysis (ARDRA). In: Akkermans A.D.L., van Elsas J.D., de Bruijn F.J. (eds.), Molecular microbial ecology manual. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Ausubel, F.M., Brent R., Kingston R.E., Moore D.D., Seidman J.G., Smith J.A., Struhl K. (eds). 1990. Current protocols in molecular biology. New York, Greene Publishing Associates and Wiley – Interscience. Muyzer G., E.C., De Wall, A.G.Utterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Env. Micr. 59 : 695 – 700. Rademaker, J.L.W., de Bruijn, F.J. 1997. Characterization and classification of microbes by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting and computer assisted pattern analysis. In: Caetano-Anollés G., Gresshoff P.M. (eds.), DNA markers: Protocols, applications and overviews. J. Wiley & Sons, USA. Chapter 10. pp. 151-171. Haack, S.K., Garchow, H., Odelson, D.A., Forney, L.J., Klug, M.J. 1994. Accuracy, reproducibility, and interpretation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of model bacterial communities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 2483-2493.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Blaž Stres Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 33 388 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 stres@msu.edu		Not specified		Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	Detection and quantification of pseudomonads in soil	Bennasar, A., Guasp, C., Lalucat, J. 1998. Molecular methods for detection and identification of Pseudomonas stutzeri in pure culture and environmental samples. Microb. Ecol. 35: 22-33. Lee, S., Bollinger, J., Bezdicek, D., Ogram, A. 1996: Estimation of abundance of an uncultered soil bacterial strain by a competitive PCR method. Appl Env Microbiol 62: 3787-3793.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Janez Hacin Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 33 388 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 janez.hacin@uni-lj.si	Agricultural	Gleysol, Histosol		Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	Marshland soil conservation practices	Alef, K. (1995). Nitrogen mineralization in soils. In Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry. (Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P., Eds.) Academic press, London, San Diego, pp. 234-237. Bundy, L.G., & Meisinger, J.J. (1994). Nitrogen availability indces. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Microbiological and biochemical properties, SSSA book series, No.5, pp. 951-983.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Janez Hacin Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 33 388 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 janez.hacin@uni-lj.si	Agricultural	Gleysol, Histosol		Field experiments: Others	Research	Marshland soil conservation practices	Bundy, L.G., & Meisinger, J.J. (1994). Nitrogen availability indces. In Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Microbiological and biochemical properties, SSSA book series, No.5, pp. 951-983. Hacin, J., J. Èop, I. Mahne (2001) Nitrogen mineralization in marsh meadows in relation to soil organic matter content and watertable level. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 164, 503-509.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Ivan Mahne Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 34 000 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 ivo.mahne@uni-lj.si	Agricultural	Gleysol, Histosol		Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research	Marshland soil conservation practices	Alef, K. (1995). Nitrogen mineralization in soils. In Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry. (Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P., Eds.) Academic press, London, San Diego, pp. 234-237. Hacin, J., J. Èop, I. Mahne (2001) Nitrogen mineralization in marsh meadows in relation to soil organic matter content and watertable level. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 164, 503-509.
Slovenia	University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Ines Mandiè-Mulec Biology Center, Veèna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:386 1 42 33 388 Fax:386 1 25 73 390 ines.mandic@bf.uni-lj.si				Molecular tools: Others	Research	Genetic competence in Bacillus spp	D’Souza, C., Nakano, M.M., Zuber, P. (1994) Identification of comS, a gene of the srfA Operon that regulates the establishment of the genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9397-9401. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Turgay, K., Hamoen, L.W., Venema, G., and Dubnau, D. (1997) Biochemical characterization of a molecular switch involving the heat shock protein ClpC, that controls the activity of ComK, the comptence transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis. Genes Dev 11:119-128.
Slovenia	Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana Blaz Stres Biology center, Vecna pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Phone:+386 1 4234 000 Fax: mailto:stres@msu.edu%20%20%20%20%20%20or%20%20%20%20blaz.stres@bfro.uni-lj.si	Agricultural, Not specified	Not specified		Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	diversity and structure of microbial community, analysis of 16S rDNA and nosZ genes of Archaea and Eubacteria	Scala, D.J. and Kerkhof, L.J. 1998. Nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene-specific PCR primers for detection of denitrifiers and three nosZ genes from marine sediments. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 162:61-68. Scala, D.J. and Kerkhof, L.J. 1999. Diversity of nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes in continental shelf sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65:1681-1687. Scala, D.J. and Kerkhof, L.J. 2000. Horizontal heterogeneity of denitrifying bacterial communities in marine sediments by termal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66:1980-1986.
Spain	CEBAS-CSIC CARLOS GARCIA CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO. 4195 MURCIA (SPAIN) Phone:+34/968396325 Fax:+34/968396213 cgarizq@cebas.csic.es	Agricultural, Not specified	Cambisol, Fluvisol, Regosol	Clay	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Use of a factor of transformation of 0.45. Determination of carbon in extracts using dichromate-sulphuric oxidation method	Vance et al., 1987 Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19:703-707.
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	It is necessary to estimate ATP sorption by soils in order to obtain acurate values	Jenkinson and Oades, 1976, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 11:521-527.
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Incubation time 10 days. Determination of the different forms of Inorganic-N (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate) by steam destillation.	Bremner, 1965, Methods of Soil Analysis, part II (C.A. Black et al. eds) pp 1324-1345. ASA, Madison, USA.
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Incubation time 10 days. Determination of the evolved CO2 by titration. Dairy measuremnts in order to estimate kinetic parameters	Guitián and Carballas, 1976 Técnicas de análisis de suelos, Ed. Pico Sacro, Santiago de Compostela.
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Arginine ammonification determination	Alef and Kleiner, 1987 Biology and Fertility of Soils 5:148-151.
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Dehydrogenase activity	Camiña et al., 1998, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30:1005-1011
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Catalase activity	Trasar-Cepeda et al., 1999. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31:483-485
Spain	Edafología y Química Agrícola, Univ. Santiago de C Gil-Sotres, Leirós, Trasar-Cepeda Campus Sur 15782 Santiago de Compostela Phone:0034981563100 ext 14984, ext 15042 Fax:0034981594912 - email edgils@usc.es mailto:edleiros@usc.es%20ctrasar@iiag.cesga.es	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Acrisol, Andosol, Anthrosol, Cambisol, Fluvisol, Gleysol, Histosol, Leptosol, Podzol, Regosol, Umbrisol	Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	FDA hydrolysis capacity	Schnürer and Rosswall (1982) method (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 1256-1261) modificated by Martinez et al. 2001 (COST ACTION 831 Meeting, Wageningen November 2001)
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Nitrification and denitrification
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Field experiments: Litter bag	Research, Monitoring
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	nitrifiers and denitrifiers
Sweden	Dept. of Microbiology, SLU Granhall, Ulf P.O. Box 7025 SE-75007 Uppsala Phone:+46 (0)18-673359 Fax:+46 (0)18-673392 Ulf.Granhall@mikrob.slu.se	Agricultural, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	nitrifiers and denitrifiers DGGE and primers
Switzerland	FiBL Fliessbach, Andreas Ackerstrasse 5070 Frick Phone:0041 61 8657225 Fax:0041 61 8657273 andreas.fliessbach@fibl.ch	Agricultural, Forest	Acrisol, Arenosol, Durisol, Histosol	Clay	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Monitoring
Switzerland	FiBL Fliessbach, Andreas Ackerstrasse 5070 Frick Phone:0041 61 8657225 Fax:0041 61 8657273 andreas.fliessbach@fibl.ch	Agricultural, Grassland	Cambisol, Luvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring
Switzerland	FiBL Fliessbach, Andreas Ackerstrasse 5070 Frick Phone:0041 61 8657225 Fax:0041 61 8657273 andreas.fliessbach@fibl.ch	Agricultural, Grassland	Cambisol, Luvisol	Loam	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring	simple method for measuring soil basal respiration in a static system	Jäggi, W. (1976). Die Bestimmung der CO2-Bildung als Mass der bodenbiologischen Aktivität. Schweizerische landwirtschaftliche Forschung 15, 371-380.
Switzerland	FiBL Fliessbach, Andreas Ackerstrasse 5070 Frick Phone:0041 61 8657225 Fax:0041 61 8657273 andreas.fliessbach@fibl.ch	Agricultural, Grassland	Cambisol, Luvisol	Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	Community Level Substrate Utilization (CLSU) or Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) by the use of BIOLOG® ecoplates	Garland, J. L. and Mills, A. L. (1991). Classification and Characterization of Heterotrophic Microbial Communities on the Basis of Patterns of Community-Level-Sole-Carbon-Source Utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 57, 2351-2359. Insam, H. (1997). A new set of substrates proposed for community characterization in environmental samples. In “Microbial Communities — Functional versus Structural Approaches” (H. Insam and A. Rangger, eds.), 260-261. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Switzerland	FiBL Fliessbach, Andreas Ackerstrasse 5070 Frick Phone:0041 61 8657225 Fax:0041 61 8657273 andreas.fliessbach@fibl.ch	Agricultural, Grassland	Cambisol, Luvisol	Loam	Field experiments: Others	Research	Light particulate organic matter as a fraction for studying decomposition	Magid, J., Jensen, L. S., Müller, T. and Nielsen, N. E. (1997). Size density fractionation for in situ measurements of rape straw decomposition - an alternative to the litterbag approach? Soil Biology & Biochemistry 29, 1125-1133. Fliessbach, A. and Mäder, P. (2000). Microbial biomass and size-density factions differ between soils of organic and conventional agricultural systems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 32, 757-768.
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Not specified	Not specified	Loam	Molecular tools: Others	Research	Total soil DNA extraction: Method optimization and determination of total soil DNA. Can also be used as biomass estimate.	Bürgmann H, Pesaro M, Widmer F, Zeyer J (2001) A strategy for optimizing quality and quantity of DNA extracted from soil. J. Microb. Meth., 45, pp. 7-20
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Agricultural	Fluvisol	Loam	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research		Anderson, J.P.E., Domsch, K.H. (1978) A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 10, 215-221.
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Agricultural	Not specified	Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)	Sigler W V, Nakatsu C H, Reicher Z J, Turco R F (2001) Fate of the biological control agent Pseudomonas aureofaciens TX-1after application to turfgrass. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (67), pp. 3542-3548
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Loam	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research	RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)	Widmer, F., Seidler, R.J., Gillevet, P.M., Watrud, L.S. and Di Giovanni, G.D. (1998) A highly selective PCR protocol for detecting 16S rRNA genes of the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) in environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 2545-2553.
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research	mRNA and rRNA extraction and analyses (reverse transcription PCR)	(Bürgmann et al., submitted)
Switzerland	Inst. of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology Josef Zeyer Grabenstrasse 3 CH-8003 Schlieren Phone:++41 1 633 6044 Fax:++41 01 633 1122 zeyer@ito.umnw-ethz.ch	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Research	fluorescein diacetate hydrolyses (general microbial activity)	Adam G, Duncan H (2001) Development of a sensitive and rapid method for the measurement of total microbial activity using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in a range of soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. (33), pp. 943-951.
Switzerland	Molecular Ecology, FAL-Reckenholz Franco Widmer Reckenholzstrasse 191 8046 Zurich Phone:(+41) 1 / 377 73 36 Fax:(+41) 1 / 377 72 01 franco.widmer@fal.admin.ch	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Others	Research, Monitoring	Monitoring effects of soil treatments like agricultural practice and soil storage on soil biological characteristics. Analyses of soil biological characteristics in natural ecosystems. Development of analytical molecular biology tools for the analysis of changes in soil microbial population structures and activities. Application of molecular ecology tools like DNA and RNA extraction, group-specific PCR, genetic fingerprinting (ARDRA, DGGE, T-RFLP), cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic inference.
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone:+31 317 47 44 64 Fax:+31 317 41 90 00 J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Favorite methods (one is not sufficient): Microscopic counts of bacteria and fungi Bacterial growth rate by thymidine incorporation Bacterial diversity by DGGE Potential soil respiration (6 wk incubation, GC) Potential N mineralisation (6 wk incubation)	Bloem et al. 1995. Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 926-936. Bloem et al. 1995. In Alef & Nannipieri, Methods in Applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Griffiths et al. 2001. Soil Biol Biochem 33, 1713-1722.
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	image analysis of number and biovolume in soil smear after fluorescent staining with DTAF	Bloem et al. (1995) Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 926-936
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research, Monitoring	Direct microscopic counts of fungal hyphae in soil smears stained with Fluorescent Brightener	Paul, EA, Harris, D, Klug, M, Ruess, R, 1999. The determination of microbial biomass. In: Robertson, GP, Coleman, DC, Bledsoe, CS, Sollins, P (Eds.). Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 291-317.
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring	Thymidine and leucine incorporation to assess bacterial growth rate	Michel, P.H., and J. Bloem. 1993. Conversion factors for estimation of cell production rates of soil bacteria from thymidine and leucine incorporation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25, 943-950.
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-9700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	Bacterial genetic diversity estimated from DNA profiles obtained by DGGE	Muyzer, G., De Waal, E.C., Uitterlinden, A.G., 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 695-700. Griffiths, B.S., K. Ritz, R.D. Bardgett, R. Cook, S. Christensen, F. Ekelund, S. Sørensen, E. Bååth, J. Bloem, P. de Ruiter, J. Dolfing, and B. Nicolardot. 2000. Ecosystem response of pasture soil communities to fumigation-induced microbial diversity reductions: an examination of the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Oikos 90, 279-294.
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring	Potential respiration (C mineralisation) in 6 week incubations, measured by Gas Chromatography	Bouwman et al. (1994) Biol Fertil Soils 17, 249-256
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-9700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial, Not specified	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring	6-week lab incubation of soil, increase in mineral N is measured	Bouwman et al. (1994) Biol Fertil Soils 17, 249-256
The Netherlands	Alterra Jaap Bloem 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen Phone: Fax: J.Bloem@alterra.wag-ur.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial		Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam	Microbial activity: Others	Monitoring	Potential nitrification: 3-week lab incubation of soil with added ammonium sulfate	Alef and Nannipieri, Meth in Appl Soil Microbiol and Biochem, pp. 240-241
The Netherlands	Laboratory of Ecotoxicology Rutgers, Michiel 1 3720 BA Bilthoven Phone:++31 302742040 Fax:++31 302744413 michiel.rutgers@rivm.nl	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial		Clay, Sand	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring	We use Biolog plates (ECO and GN2)for microbial community profiling (CLPP) and for PICT (pollution-induced community tolerance) analysis	Rutgers, M., Breure, A.M. (1999) Risk assessment, microbial communites, and pollution-induced community tolerance. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assessm. 5:661-670
United Kingdom	Rothamsted Research Philip Brookes West Common AL5 2JQ Harpenden, Hertfordshire Phone:+44 1582 763133 Fax:+44 1582 760981 philip.brookes@bbsrc.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research
United Kingdom	Rothamsted Research Dr P.R. Hirsch AL5 2JQ Harpenden Phone:0044 (0) 1582763133 Fax:0044 (0) 1582760981 penny.hirsch@bbsrc.ac.uk	Agricultural	Not specified	Clay	Molecular tools: Bacteria	Research	Interested in analysis of bacterial and fungal communities in soils, genetic diversity, activity, population dynamics and responses to stresses
United Kingdom	Rothamsted Research Phil Brookes West Common AL5 2JQ Harpenden Phone:+441582 763133 Fax:+441582 760981 philip.broookes@bbsrc.ac.uk		Not specified		Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Routine analysis	Can be used to measure microbial biomass C, N Ninhydrin N, P, S. Can be used for moist aerobic soils and waterlogged (paddy soils etc.) Not valid for air-dried soils. Note different kc values if Dichromate or combustion are used to measure organic C in K2SO4 soil extracts.	Brookes, P. C., Landman A., Pruden G. and Jenkinson D. S. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a direct extraction method for measuring microbial biomass nitrogen. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 17, 837-842. Vance E. D., Brookes P. C. and Jenkinson D. S. (1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 19, 703-707. Wu J., Joergensen R. G., Pommerening B., Chaussod R. and Brookes P. C. (1990). Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation extraction - an automated procedure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 22, 1023-1027. Inubushi K., Brookes P. c. and Jenkinson D. S. (1991). Soil microbial biomass C in aerobic and anaerobic soils measured by the fumigation -extraction method. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 23, 737-741. Joergensen R. G. and Brookes P. C. (1990) Ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen measurements of microbial biomass in 0.5 M K2SO4 soil extracts. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 23, 737-741. Brookes P. C., Powlson D.S. and Jenkinson D. S. (1982). soil Biology and Biochemistry. 14, 319-329.
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: ATP	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: Basal respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: N-Mineraliation	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial community structure: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	NB the PLFA approach encompasses all soil microbiological, and some multicellular organisms
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Field experiments: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Opencast coal mining, civil engineering, degraded lands, agriculture, forestry, land reclamation, ecological restoration
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: Bacteria	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	PLFA method
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial biomass: Substrat-induced respiration	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	NB used for characterising catabolic potential in a variety of soils	Degens. B. and Harris J.A (1997) Development of a physiological approach to measuring the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29 (9/10) 1309-1320.
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Microbial activity: Others	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Dehydrogenase and other enzyme techniques
United Kingdom	Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield Univ Jim Harris Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863141 Fax: j.a.harris@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Others	Field experiments: in situ N-Mineralisation	Research, Monitoring, Routine analysis	Effects of civil engineering activities
United Kingdom	National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ. Karl Ritz Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863391 Fax:+44 1525 863253 k.ritz@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Fumigation-Extraction	Research, Monitoring
United Kingdom	National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ. Karl Ritz Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863391 Fax:+44 1525 863253 k.ritz@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Fungi	Research	PLFA / ergosterol / direct observation
United Kingdom	National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ. Karl Ritz Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863391 Fax:+44 1525 863253 k.ritz@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial biomass: Bacteria	Research	Direct observation in situ - biomass can be derived, but basis is more fine-scale spatial characterisation	Nunan, N., Ritz, K., Crabb, D., Harris, K., Wu, K., Crawford, J. W. and Young, I. M. (2001) Quantification of the in situ distribution of soil bacteria by large-scale imaging of thin-sections of undisturbed soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 37, 67-77
United Kingdom	National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ. Karl Ritz Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863391 Fax:+44 1525 863253 k.ritz@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial activity: C-Mineralisation	Research	Substrate utilisation and resilience of C mineralisation	Griffiths, B. S., Bonkowski, M., Roy, J., Vinten, A. and Ritz, K. (2001) Functional stability, substrate utilisation and biological indicators of soils following environmental impacts. Applied Soil Ecology 16, 49-61
United Kingdom	National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield Univ. Karl Ritz Silsoe MK45 4DT Bedfordshire Phone:+44 1525 863391 Fax:+44 1525 863253 k.ritz@cranfield.ac.uk	Agricultural, Grassland, Forest, Urban Industrial	Not specified	Clay, Silt, Sand, Loam, Others	Microbial community structure: Fungi	Research	Spatial structure of fungal communities	Harris, K., Crabb, D., Young, I. M., Weaver, H., Gilligan, C. A., Otten, W. and Ritz, K. (2002) In situ visualisation of fungi in soil thin sections: problems with crystallisation of the fluorochrome FB 28 (Calcofluor M2R) and improved staining by SCRI Renaissance 2200. Mycological Research 106, 293-297. Sturrock, C. J., Ritz, K., Samson, W. B., Bown, J. L., Staines, H. J., Palfreyman, J. W., Crawford, J. W. and White, N. A. (2002) The effects of fungal inoculum arrangement (scale and context) on emergent community development in an agar model system. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 39, 9-16.